Animal Testing in Drug Industry - 2405 Words

Animal Testing in Drug Industry: Is It Appropriate or Not? Millions of people were killed by incurable diseases, such as smallpox, rabies, et cetera before the 18th century due to lack of knowledge in developing drugs and vaccine at that time. People caught by the diseases were hopeless because they knew that no one could help them. In the mid 1800s, animal testing was introduced to drug industry by Edward Jenner (Trueman, 2002). His brilliant discovery in developing smallpox vaccine by using animals helped a lot of people and gave hope to the medical field that incurable diseases were not incurable anymore. Although he was not the first man to use animal in experiments, his success made animal testing become commonly used in drug†¦show more content†¦Verbal language is not the only means of communication. We can notice a persons emotions without him saying anything because of non-verbal language or body language he expressed. If we can examine body language in human, then we are also able to observe non-verbal language of animals. In accordance to Charles Darwin in his book, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, many of the non-verbal reactions of human in expressing emotions are identical with those of animals (Darwin, 1873). Thus, there is no reason that one, especially a scientist who has conducted a lot of experiments with animals, does not know whether an animal is suffering from mental pain or not. As psychological pains caused by animal testing offends the tested animals welfare, alternative methods must be used to replace animal testing. Animal testing not only afflicts animals being used, but also our society. A lot of harsh protests and terrorism have been done against animal testing. Those actions have caused many public losses. Plenty of innocent people have died; many unrelated private companies have been accidentally involved in the damaging acts, and numerous public facilitations have been ruined in those actions which are usually conducted by animal-lovers organizations. Animal Liberation Front (ALF) is one of the most extreme animal-rights-advocate organizations. According to FBI, ALF has been causing 1,200 vicious acts since 1900 and millions of dollarShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation Should Be Banned1426 Words   |  6 Pagesjudged by the way its animals are treated.† - Mahatma Gandhi. These famous words still ring true in today’s society as we struggle to overcome the scientific experimentation on animals. Animals have acted as the archstone of human civilization since the dawn of man, from a source of food, to companionship. However, in the past century, we have been blurring the line between environmental entitlement and environmental rape. Every member of the human race interacts and depends on animals, and we owe themRead MoreDrug Development Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesDrug development This entire section on drug development highlights concerns which are very particular to the industry. They therefore lead to the implementation of CSR activities which are also very industry specific, although aspects such as animal testing and ethics in research can be shared by other industries such as the cosmetics industry, or the medical device sector for instance. Need for RD and innovation Today, the need for RD and innovation is great, maybe greater than ever. In theRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing in the Research Field1416 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal research, or animal testing, is the use of animals in scientific researches to study and develop drugs for the life-taking diseases that human beings contract. It has been practiced for hundreds of years. Animal testing helps produced many vaccines and other drugs, like penicillin, and thus, save many human lives. On the other hand, animal testing also causes pain and kills a lot of animals used during the researches that many people oppose this practice. Supporters show their support, whileRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned858 Words   |  4 Pageshomework. However in the livestock industry cheating happens in many other ways. Obviously, the main goal when showing an animal is to win, or make the sale at their respective shows. How far will exhibitors actually go to win a show though? In recent years there has been controversy at many major livestock shows over drug testing, and animals testing hot for illegal drugs which means when tested there was traces found of illegal substances within the animal. This is not the only way people haveRead MoreAnimal Research And Testing For Human Health Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesRelying on animal research and testing to protect and improve human health is not only unsafe, but also expensive, time-consuming, and unreliable. Problems of extrapolation, applying information from animal research to humans, are inevitable when researchers use animal models to study human diseases. Species differences in anatomy, organ structure and function, toxin metabolism, chemical and drug absorption, and mechanisms of DNA repair, can give us inadequate or erroneous information when we attemptRead More`` Save The Animals : Stop Animal Testing `` By Lara Weber1241 Words   |  5 PagesThe testing of animals is deemed to be crue l and inhumane because of the way the animals get treated. In the article, â€Å"Women Fought for humane treatment of Chicago’s dogs, cats, horses written by Lara Weber describes how the conditions of where these animals lived were. In a Chicago pound for animals, three hundred dogs cried and were extremely cold from the conditions outside (Weber 1). These animals were in terrible conditions and the city should not be proud of it. Within a couple of days theseRead MoreAnimal Testing And Why It Should Continue1390 Words   |  6 PagesIsaiah Tuppince Mr. Greer English 2 October 21st, 2015 Animal Testing and Why It Should Continue Jeremy Bentham once said, â€Å"The question is not, ‘Can they reason?’ nor, ‘Can they talk?’ but ‘Can they suffer?’† Animal testing is becoming a conflict right now and I believe that Animal testing should be stopped because it is cruel and inhuman, Alternative testing technologies exist, the lack of reliability, and it is expensive. Another quote once said was by Martin Luther King Jr stating â€Å"Never, neverRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesthe newest drug therapy on the market, many people do not think about how products are formulated for their safety and benefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for year s while these animals suffer consequencesRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing905 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing has been the target of animal cruelty groups since the beginning of its existence, but the benefits it provides, humans and animals far greater than the type of method that is used to get the results. Scientists Karl Landsteiner’s success in finding a cure to polio is an example of how the benefits of animal testing helped better future human lives. In his experiments he discovered that Polio viruses had three variations, meaning that they would have to produce a product that couldRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1673 Words   |  7 Pages8322020 Animal Slavery Imagine you being tested on what do you think that feels like ? The total amount of animals used for testing on agriculture experiments is 1.13 million. This is only in the agriculture industry. Now imagine all the other industries that allow animal testing.They’re rights are being violated and there is nothing they can do about it but just take the pain that they don’t deserve. All of this could be stopped but to stop it has to begin somewhere. Animal testing does nothing

In Harms Way Free Essays

Essay over In Harm’s Way By Doug Stanton | Would captain Mcvay still be alive today if he hadn’t been convicted of failing to zigzag or sending out a distress signal? Would his life have been different? This essay will concentrate on what took place aboard the ship and the continuing debate on the guilt of Captain Charles Butler Mcvay III in the tragedy of the sinking of the USS Indianapolis. Mcvay was descended from a long line of navy men. He attended the Naval War College and completed his studies in International law. We will write a custom essay sample on In Harms Way or any similar topic only for you Order Now After leaving the naval war college, he worked on twelve different ships in the Atlantic and in the Pacific. In 1943, he was executive officer of the cruiser Cleveland in the battle of Solomon Islands and was honored for his service with the Silver Star. Later, he was appointed chairman of the Joint Intelligence Staff in the Office of Vice Chief of Naval Operations in Washington, DC. Mcvay was skilled and experienced man. He was taught by the best, and the navy knew he was ready to become Captain. With years of training, Mcvay was given the position of captain for the first time in 1945, to the USS Indianapolis. Mcvay’s first assignment was to leave San Francisco and deliver what was known as the â€Å"little Boy,† an atomic bomb to be dropped on Hiroshima. This was a top secret mission. What at first appeared to be a smooth operation would become a terrible ordeal. On Sunday July 29th, 1945, during the return of the secret mission the USS Indy was mortally wounded by two torpedoes and sank in minutes. This would have been prevented if a destroy escort would have been assigned. Ignored in the battlefield sea of Guam for five days, the 1,196 soldiers (not including the ones that died from the torpedoes) underwent five dreadful days in the middle of the Pacific Ocean only 317 brave soldiers made it home. An estimated 50 per day were eaten by sharks. Why no one warned captain Mcvay about the enemies lurking the Peddie route is unquestionable. Then to blame Captain Mcvay for failing to zigzag or sending out a distress signal in a timely manner is most definitely not fair. Before departing to Leyte, Mcvay asked if having escort was necessary. Unknown to Captain Mcvay, three days before the USS Indy’s departure for Leyte, the destroyer escort USS Underhill had been hit by torpedoes along the Peddie trail. Mcvay was not notified of this danger because intelligence matters were not discussed with captains. Had Mcvay been warned of this situation, he would have never put his crew in danger. The ship was ready to leave on Monday July 16, 1945. Inwardly Mcvay was tense but calm. He was taught by the best and was ready for anything. Not Long before July 26th, 1945, just before Mcvay had convinced himself that the secret mission would go smoothly, he was assigned to follow in the same route that Japanese submarines were waiting. The ride was going smooth. There was no sign of Japanese submarines, but heavy cloud cover was highly limiting visibility. Mcvay was told that he could cease zigzagging in conditions that limited his visibility. The intelligence report assured him that his route was clear of enemy traffic, but Lt. Commander Hashimoto, in charge of a Japanese sub was in the position of the USS Indy. At 12:04pm he fired, â€Å"the first torpedo hit the forward starboard or right side and blew an estimated sixty- feet of the bow skyward. It was simply obliterated. The second explosion occurred closer to midship and was even more massive† (102) the ship was blown in half. In this situation, all the captain could do was rely on his intuition and knowledge. As soon as this happen, Mcvay told Commander John Janney to head to radio room 1 and send out a distress message, that the ship had been hit by a torpedo. Mcvay’s message â€Å"we need assistance, on the double† (106). Mcvay needed Lt. Orr to help assist with the message but it was no use, the water had damaged both radio shack rooms. Mcvay now looked for further direction and support but was unsuccessful and knew he was in danger. Mcvay knew that the ship had acquired a lot of damage, but in his mind he felt strongly that the USS Indianapolis and his crew would be saved. There was absolutely nothing that Mcvay could to do stay clear of these torpedoes but wait for backup. Mcvay was left with two alternatives: Abandon ship and undergo possible court martial, or not abandon ship and lose more lives. Mcvay choose to abandon ship. It was the only choice he had left. Mcvay would take full responsibility for his actions. In this situation Mcvay could only fight for what he believed was right. Due to confusion and misunderstanding at the destination arrival port, the crew of the USS Indy would be left to fend for their selves for a long horrifying five days. Meanwhile, the surviving crew had been floating at sea for a shocking five days. Their bodies were deteriorated from the salt water. Broken arms and legs filled them with unbearable pain. The shark attacks were something out of a horror movie and the minutes felt like forever. â€Å"Don’t give up, men,† (179) Mcvay told his crew, while every moment he felt like giving up himself. Even though it wasn’t Mcvay fault, he began to fill with guilt. All communication had been cut off and there were no rescue boats or plans in sight for days, what more could Mcvay have done? On Thursday august 2nd, Lt. Wilbur Gwinn, a pilot of a Ventura scout bomber lost his weight from the navigational antenna in back of the plane. Turning back, to base, he would make a remarkable discovery. He described the scene as looking like an oil slick. As he followed the trail he wasn’t sure what it had come from, but he was now on a mission. Bodies were scattered everywhere. Floating men appeared covered in oil from the explosion, half eaten and exhausted. He immediately would call for rescue at 11:25, Lt. Gwinn sent out a message to the headquarters on Peleliu stating â€Å"sighted 30 survivors 011-30 North 133-30 East† (216). Unfortunately this was the first report of the USS Indy being lost. At his trail, Mcvay was charged with â€Å"failure to zigzag in conditions that it considered good with intermittent moonlight; and his failure to send out a distress message in a timely manner. † Those families that never saw their son or sons again, would later feel betrayed and lied to. The families were simply convinced that Mcvay was at fault. He was convicted and demoted 100 points in permanent rank and also in temporary rank, meaning he could never become admiral again and this meant his career was over. He was tough though. He was â€Å"a navy man and he would live and die by its rules† (267). With all the evidence that supported Mcvay, he was still convicted of the crime. This was not fair, Mcvay should have never been charged for someone else’s mistake. Life could have been much easier for him, if he had been rewarded with a metal of bravery and honor. As the years passed and a Christmas or any holiday would arrive, Mcvay would receive letters from the families who sons had died at sea blaming him for their death. He would collect save all the letters for a reminder of what he had done. Years went by and Charles Butler Mcvay III never again felt the same. He blamed himself for what went wrong. Captain Mcvay could no longer deal with the pain and remorse anymore. One evening he walked outside on to his back porch and shot himself in the head. People can’t imagine what it was like to be stranded in the Pacific Ocean and to not know if you are going to live or die. Only the survivors know how truly terrible this ordeal was. Many lives could have been saved if just one mistake could have been avoided, in a long line of mistakes. If the USS Indy had been escorted during the Peddie route, would this have saved the crew from undergoing an attack? What if Mcvay was never told to cease zigzagging in conditions that limited his view? Could this have prevented the torpedoes from hitting the Indy? Would it had mattered if the USS Indy’s distress call was heard and back up had arrived in time to save her from sinking? All of these could have possibly been avoided, but we will never know. What we know is that Charles Butler Mcvay III was convicted of a crime. He became the navy’s scapegoat. This was a terrible injustice and he was simply sent out In Harm’s Way. How to cite In Harms Way, Papers

Plessy v Ferguson vs. Brown v Board of Education of Topeka Kansas free essay sample

Topeka Kansas, Supreme Court, Jim Crow laws In our country’s history, the Supreme Court has overridden its past decisions only ten times. The most important of these overturned decisions are the rulings the Supreme Court made in the Plessy vs. Ferguson case and the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. These are arguably the two most important court cases in our nation’s history. Plessy vs. Ferguson and Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas had almost exact opposite consequences. While the Plessy vs. Ferguson case established the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal† and allowed for acts such as the Jim Crow laws to pass, Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas not only abolished the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal†, but it also played a major role in ending segregation by strengthening the civil rights movement. Homer Plessy, a Louisiana resident, was light colored, but he had a black great-grandfather, which by law, made him black. Plessy lived in Louisiana. In Louisiana, there was a legislation in place that required every railway to have different railcars, one for whites, and one for colored races. Plessy sat in the white car. When a white passenger boarded the train, Plessy was told to give up his seat. When he refused, a detective put him in jail. Plessy pleaded innocent, but was convicted. Plessy and his lawyer appealed to the federal district courts. The district court upheld the decision of the lower courts. Plessy then appealed to the Supreme Court. Linda Brown had to walk six blocks every day to ride her bus, which would take her 1 mile away to a segregated black school. Her white friends, however, went to a â€Å"white† school only about seven blocks away. Linda Brown’s father, Oliver Brown, enrolled her in the â€Å"white† school, Sumner School, but she was not accepted into the school on basis of her race. Her father became very mad and with the parents of twenty other colored children, filed a class action lawsuit against the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. He eventually appealed to the Supreme Court. After Homer Plessy appealed to the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court evaluated the case, and came to a 7-1 discussion against Plessy (Justice David Josiah did not participate because of the death of his daughter). In his majority opinion, Justice Brown wrote, â€Å"We consider the underlying fallacy of the plaintiff’s argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced separation of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority. If this be so, it is not by reason of anything found in the act, but solely because the colored race chooses to put that construction upon it.† Justice Brown is stating that the 14th Amendment says that all races are equal, but it does not prevent separating the facilities and services provided to each race. Any person from any race who believes his race is inferior to others because of segregation is wrong. The facilities were separate, but they were supposedly equal. This however, was not the case. While the Supreme Court could find no difference between the â€Å"black† car and the â€Å"white† car, many segregated facilities were not equal in the slightest sense. Justice John Marshall Harlan, the only justice who disagreed, wrote a strong dissent. In his dissent, he said that this case would be infamous. The Supreme Court considered Brown’s case very carefully. It was interesting to see how time changed the justices’ views. At first, only a few justices agreed to desegregate schools and other facilities. However, after a few weeks, Chief Justice Earl Warren called a convening of the Supreme Court justices. He gave a speech; a very famous speech. Warren came up with a simple argument: segregation was sustained only because of an honest belief in the supposed inferiority of blacks. He also said that the Supreme Court must overrule Plessy vs. Ferguson to maintain its legitimacy as an institution of liberty. He also said that the Supreme Court must override its previous decision in Plessy vs. Ferguson unanimously to prevent any resistance. So, the Supreme Court voted unanimously to override its decision made in Plessy vs. Ferguson. In the majority opinion, Warren wrote that segregated facilities are separated and therefore, inherently unequal. Plessy vs. Ferguson encouraged segregation. Segregation existed before Plessy vs. Ferguson, mostly in the South. Plessy vs. Ferguson strengthened segregation laws. It promoted the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine. It also strengthened a previous decision in which the Supreme Court let the state have legislative immunity when issuing laws that dealt with race, only requiring the laws to treat people from all races equally. Congress had no say in this area. Plessy vs. Ferguson also served as the basis for other cases, such as Lum vs. Rice, in which a Mississippi school was allowed to exclude a Chinese American girl. It also allowed segregation to spread northward. The doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal† allowed for separate facilities, but consistently they were unequal. â€Å"Black† restaurants were not as nice or clean as â€Å"white† restaurants. This applied to schools, theaters, hotels, and almost every public facility. Plessy vs. Ferguson also allowed for the passing of the Jim Crow laws, which were passed mainly to keep African Americans from voting by requiring voters to give proof that they owned land and to pass a literacy test at poll stations. Every facility was segregated, but not many were equal. In Topeka, Kansas, Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas saw the end of segregation in all elementary and middle schools; high schools were already integrated. While Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas did see many facilities integrated, there was much opposition and resistance to this Supreme Court ruling. In the state of Virginia, Sen. Harry F. Byrd Sr. organized a movement called the Massive Resistance movement, which shut down schools rather than integrating them. The Attorney General of Texas, John Ben Shepperd, organized a campaign with the sole purpose of generating legal obstacles to integration. In 1957, possibly the most remembered example of opposition to integration, nine black students tried to enter Little Rock Central High School. Arkansas’s governor, Gov. Orval Faubus, called out his state’s National Guard to block them from entering. President Dwight D. Eisenhower deployed parts of the 101st Airborne Division and federalized Arkansas’s National Guard. Another infamous response was the Stand in the Schoolhouse Door where Alabama’s own governor, Gov. George Wallace himself stood and blocked the door at the University of Alabama to prevent two black students from enrolling. He only moved when confronted by General Henry Graham of the Alabama National Guard. Gen. Henry Graham was ordered by President John F. Kennedy to intervene. However, Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas did strengthen the Civil Rights Movement, and played a major role in ending segregation. The 14th amendment has several sections. It discusses citizenship. If a person is born in the United States, Puerto Rico, or any other United States territory, or is born to American parents, they are automatically citizens. If a person does not fall in any of these categories, they can go through the naturalization process to become citizens. It also refutes the three-fifths compromise. It says that representatives shall be based on population of whole persons. The 14th amendment also says that a person cannot hold any kind of political or elected office if they have engaged in any form of rebellion against the U.S. However, the most important point of the 14th amendment is the Equal Protection Clause. It says, â€Å"†¦no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.† It forbids states from denying any person â€Å"life, liberty or property, without due process of law†. Seven Supreme Court justices decided that segregating facilities did not violate the 14th amendment. Facilities were separated, but they were supposedly equal. The seven justices who voted against Plessy in Plessy vs. Ferguson believed that segregated facilities were â€Å"separate but equal†. This was not just an expression. This became a doctrine. This one phrase allowed segregation to creep into the north, and allowed southern states to pass Jim Crow laws, which prevented most African Americans from voting. These are only a few consequences out of the many that were a result of the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy vs. Ferguson. The justices who unanimously voted to overturn Plessy vs. Ferguson in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas said that segregation in itself is inequality, and it therefore violates the 14th amendment of the Constitution, the supreme law of the land. Chief Justice Earl Warren stated it beautifully when he said that segregation is only the byproduct of an â€Å"honest belief in the inferiority of the Negroes†. So, the decision the justices made in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas was not just against segregation laws, it was against the cultural mindset of that time. Now, it is the most remembered court case of all time. The 14th amendment states that all races are equal and have to be treated as such. Chief Justice Warren said that segregation is inherently unequal. Therefore, by the transitive property, the 14th amendment is violated when segregation is present. These two cases are most likely the most important court cases in the entire history of the United States. One encouraged segregation and inequality while the other fought and reversed a mindset that was hundreds of years old. Although Plessy vs. Ferguson encouraged segregation, allowed for the passing of Jim Crow laws, and portrayed blacks as inferior all under the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal†, Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas reversed the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision, helped desegregate races and allowed for everyone to have equal opportunities. Works Cited American Psychological Association. (2004, September 1). Desegragation to Diversity? Retrieved March 5, 2013, from American Psychological Association: http://www.apa.org/monitor/sep04/deseg.aspx Brown v Board of Education Decision. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2013, from http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis54.htm#1954bvbe Madison, J. (1789). The Constitution (Vol. I). Philidelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America. Retrieved March 5, 2013 Primary Documents in American History. (n.d.). Retrieved from Library of Congress: http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/articles.html Prins, H. (2005, April 11). Toward a World without Evil: Alfred Mà ©traux as UNESCO Anthropologist (1946-1962). Retrieved March 5, 2013, from United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization: http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=30431URL_DO=DO_TOPICURL_SECTION=201.html Remy, R. C., Patrick, J. J., Clayton, G. E., Saffell, D. C., Zike, D. (2008). Civics Today: Citizenship, Economics, You (1st ed., Vol. I). (B. Bartels, J. Baumgartner, J. Biddle, N. R. Cope, N. Lind, S. McClurg, . . . B. Yousif, Eds.) New York City, New York, United States of America: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013 Sutherland, A. E. (1954,

Where Are You Going free essay sample

In this 1966 short story written by Joyce Carol Oates, fifteen-year-old Connie is a self-absorbed teenager who spends her time fantasizing about romance and searching for attention from men. While out with a suitor, a strange man promises her, Im gonna get you, baby (2). Connie doesnt think much of the incident until one day while alone at home; the man comes to â€Å"get† her. The assailant, Arnold Friend, is kind at first then progressively becomes aggressive and violent towards her. Though at first she enjoys Arnold’s attention, once his demands become sexual and violent, her confidence diminishes. While Connie attempts to evade Arnold’s commands, she becomes powerless against the man and eventually follows him to â€Å"go for a ride† (3). While â€Å"Where are you going, Where have you been,† appears to simply be a tragic story about the abduction and rape of a young girl, it is more importantly a statement of the time on the over-sexualization in the media. We will write a custom essay sample on Where Are You Going or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the time period the story was written, the 1960’s, we know that society as a whole was exploding with counter-culture and rebellion. In response to the Vietnam War, for the first time in history, music rapidly became highly influential and that of a sexual nature. This first wave of over-sexualized media is what influenced Connie and millions of the time to exploit their sexuality. The youth of the time period are commonly thought of as being extremely responsive to the world around them. With music being more suggestive than in the past and young people being more expressive and experimental, Connie grew up in a drastically changing world complete with the need to be sexual and to really stand out in order to be noticed. Media became more widespread and important in the 60’s than it had ever been before. When the TV and radio weren’t focusing on the war efforts in Vietnam, they showed the youth’s protest, and push to â€Å"Make Love, Not War:† an iconic phrase that illustrates the push towards sexuality during that time. Connie, an adolescent of this explosive period, is a prime example of sexualization in the media having a detrimental effect on a person. It is her need to be desired that makes her appealing to Arnold Friend, and leads to her demise later in the story. Music is a major theme in the story: Connie constantly listens to music and associates music with pleasure in multiple instances. At one point, she even says she â€Å"listened to the music that made everything so good† (2). Upon Arnold’s arrival we see that he is listening to the same music as Connie, which serves as a way to connect them. Since music plays such a prevalent role in Connie’s life, we can conclude that music is the media that influences her to behave in a sexual manner. From the music that she listens to, Bobby King, we get the impression that she links her idea of romance (that derives from the music she listens to) to the confidence and maturity she pretends to have when it comes to boys. Music plays in every situation where she intends to be sexually desired; while out with boys, out with her friend searching for attention, while laying out in her backyard, and even at the beginning of her conversation with Arnold. Music and Connie’s sexuality are inextricable tied togetheronce Connie becomes frightened of Arnold and is no longer exploiting her sexuality, there is no further mention of music in the story. While it is understood that Arnold will most likely harm Connie, he also is whisking her away (or saving her) from a morally loose societythat very same society that made her the over-sexualized girl we see in the beginning of the story. Everything about Connie indicates that she has been socialized into how the media thinks a young girl should befrom her suggestive clothing to her desperate attempt to be sexually desirable to the male population. Despite what she leads on, Connie is actually sexually innocent. Her innocence is echoed by her child-like naivety of opening her front door to a complete stranger while alone, as well as the fear that consumes her while she could have been calling the police to prevent her murder. Arnold’s desire for the young Connie may be Oates’ way of portraying how perverse the media’s ploy to sexualize America’s youth is as well. The â€Å"Lolita Effect† is even a relatively recent concept. A â€Å"lolita† is a young girl who is viewed in a sexual manner, while the â€Å"lolita effect† is not only the corruption of a child by an adult, but exploiting an adult by a child that has been corrupted by society. Connie exploits her sexuality so well in the beginning of the story. It is her sexualization at such a young age that causes Arnold to find her attractive and is the real life tragedy that comes from the story. By the end of the story, as the title suggests, Connie undergoes a major change. She ties to be an adult, but when Arnold challenges her with sexual advances, we see the frightened child she is. Arnold is merely an agent to portray the evils that exist in the media. He illuminates the fact that our culture’s media gives young girls the unattainable idea that they must behave in a certain way in order to be attractive, and that a man finding them sexually attractive is of upmost importance even as a pre-teen. The sexualization of young girls causes adult men to be attracted to them, creating an even further over-sexualized society. A young girl’s sexuality is such a vital aspect of the maturation process: a process that is malfunctioning or happening far too soon because of the media. It is the evil in the media that causes Connie to fall victim to the media’s harmful portrayal of femininity. Media teaches us that being a typical young woman in today’s society is contingent on the amount of sexuality her appearance exudes. Connie so perfectly replicates how young girls in America that are being over-sexualized through music or television without even being aware of it. The tragic way that Connie is stripped of her childhood suggests that â€Å"where you are going,† is dependent on where you have been. In â€Å"Where are you going, Where have you been? † Oates’ does a terrific job of hyperbolizing the affects of the media’s influence while pointing out the very unexaggerated truth that over-sexualization in the media is detrimental to all aspects of society.